基层农业信息网站的建设研究

分析了我国基层农业信息网站建设中存在的问题,从网站的体系结构、功能模块设计和数据库的设计方面提出了一个基于ASP.NET的基层农业信息网站建设思路,通过该系统,可以很好地解决在农业信息化进程中大量基层农业信息网站自动生成的问题。     

SSR标记在自选爆裂玉米自交系遗传变异研究中的应用

利用113对SSR多态性引物研究了来源比较广泛的26个自选爆裂玉米自交系的遗传多样性，并初步进行了杂种优势群划分．结果表明，供试自交系间共检测出301条带，每个位点的等位基因数为1～3个，多态性信息量为0．068～0．217，自交系间的遗传距离为0．1483～0．5240；供试自交系可划分为8个杂种优势群，分群结果与杂交组合的组配效果相吻合，高优势组合的亲本均属于不同的优势类群，而在类群内未组配出优势组合．SSR标记可以用于研究爆裂玉米自交系的种质基础．     

庞泉沟自然保护区周边农田甲虫群落调查

2006年6~8月,在山西庞泉沟国家自然保护区(111°22'~111°33'E,37°45'~37°55'N)周边的农田(海拔1 600~1 640m),包括玉米田、马铃薯田、莜麦田、胡麻田、大豆田、退耕还林地和荒地,利用巴氏罐诱法,并结合网筛、扫网等采集方法对甲虫群落进行了初步调查,共获标本1980号,隶属13科。优势类群为步甲科Carabi-dae,占总捕获量的74.04%。并结合该地区的农田耕作方式对不同功能类群的种类及数量分布进行分析。     

松嫩草原的植被类型及主要饲用植物类群

简要介绍了松嫩草原的自然概况．讨论了该区域的植被类型，同时根据该区域的植被状况和生态条件，将草场植被资源划分为三大类型，即草原、草甸和沼泽．讨论了该区域所含的各种植物类群．并根据其产草量和营养特点，给预评价．     

Attitudes,beliefs, and prevalence of dumpster diving as a means to obtain food by Midwestern,low-income,urban dwellers

Dumpster diving is a term generally used for obtaining items, in this case food for consumption, from dumpsters. This study evaluates the prevalence of dumpster diving in two low-income urban communities in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Additionally, attitudes and beliefs of adults who engage in this behavior are reported. Surveys (n=396) were used to collect data including individual dumpster diving behavior, food security, health, and demographic data. Nearly one-fifth of those surveyed had used dumpster diving as a means to obtain food. Focus groups (n=17) were conducted to further evaluate dumpster divers attitudes and beliefs about dumpster diving, use of food assistance programs including benefits and barriers, and other strategies used to obtain food such as stealing. Focus group participants were primarily homeless and most were high school educated. Ways to improve delivery of food assistance are suggested. In conclusion, more research on the use of dumpsters as a source of food is needed. Utilizing more of the 96 billion pounds of food wasted each year in the US through food recovery and donation programs could help to provide socially acceptable means for low-income urban dwellers to obtain food.     

Devon Acres CSA: local struggles in a global food system

This paper focuses on examining the dynamic nature of community supported agriculture (CSA) and the real-world experiences which mark its contours, often making it distinct from the early idealized CSA “model.” Specifically, our study examines the narratives of the farmers of Devon Acres CSA over its duration, in tandem with a survey of recent shareholders in order to understand and explain its evolution. The framework we develop here shows that this CSA is largely characterized by instrumental and functional beliefs and practices, with some elements in the collaborative mode. A key contribution of this research is the development of a framework which helps to highlight the relative fluidity and patchwork quality of CSA participant positions over time. At Devon Acres, the real-world factors and issues influencing CSA evolution are seen to be products of both the local and larger contexts, evident in such areas as shifts in farmer learning and adaptation, differences between beliefs and practices in member volunteer efforts, and changes in farm and resource conditions. With respect to CSA more broadly, we argue that the reality of dominant food system context and site-specific influences on CSA development compels us to rework our attachment to early idealized “model” traits. Expansion in CSA numbers, evidence of adaptation and situated learning, and retention of the local and organic as core traits, speak to the pragmatic yet transformative potential of CSA contribution to food system change.

优良玉米自交系"87-1"穗部性状的配合力分析及其杂优类群的划分

以自选系87-1,87-3及14个国内常用的优良玉米自交系为亲本按griffing4双列杂交模式设计,组配成120个单交组合,采用格子方排列进行试验,对产量、穗长、穗粗等6个穗部性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力进行了分析.结果表明,在这16个自交系中,87-1和87-3两自交系产量的一般配合力值处于中等水平,但穗粗性状的一般配合力值最为突出,居于各自交系之首.就产量性状而言,在87-1所组配的杂交组合中,该系与HZ32和综3的特殊配合力效应值最高,对照优势分别达13.31%和9.85%.聚类分析结果表明,自交系87-1与外杂选亚群的许178和P138的关系最近,可聚为一类.     

利用分位数组合预测兴安落叶松枝下高

【目的】本文使用分位数回归和分位数组合对枝下高进行建模和预测,为单木枝下高模型的构建提供新的思路和方法。【方法】利用大兴安岭新林区4个林场的兴安落叶松天然林实测数据,采用非线性回归构建枝下高基础和广义模型并分别扩展到分位数回归。使用三分位数组合(τ=0.1,0.5,0.9)、五分位数组合(τ=0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7,0.9)、九分位数组合(τ=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9)和4种抽样设计(抽最大树、抽最小树、抽平均木、随机抽取)进行预测,比较不同分位数组合的预测效果并分析不同抽样设计对预测精度的影响。同时使用双重交叉检验对非线性回归、最优位数回归和最优分位数组合进行比较。模型拟合和检验的评价指标主要包括平均绝对误差(MAE)、均方根误差(RMSE)、相对误差(MPE)和调整确定系数(R²_adj)。【结果】(1)无论是非线性回归还是分位数回归,广义模型的拟合MAE较基础模型可降低6%~12%,RMSE可降低6%~10%,检验效果也优于基础模型。枝下高与胸径呈负相关、与样地优势高和每公顷断面积呈正相关。(2)中位数回归在所有分位数中拟合能力最好,且效果与非线性回归相似。分位数回归可以描述枝下高的分布。(3)3种分位数组合都可以对枝下高模型进行预测且效果相差不大,三分位数组合就可以满足枝下高的预测精度。中位数回归的交叉检验结果与非线性回归相似,三分位数组合的预测能力最优,MAE和MPE较非线性回归和中位数回归分别下降了20%和4%左右,R²_adj提高了16%左右。(4)基础和广义分位数组合的最优抽样设计分别为抽平均木5株和抽大树7株。【结论】本研究基于三分位数组合(τ=0.1,0.5,0.9)的枝下高模型可以提高预测精度,具体应用基础和广义分位数组合模型的最优抽样设计分别为抽平均木5株和抽大树7株。综合预测精度和调查成本的考虑,在实践中应用分位数组合时,推荐在样地中抽取5株平均木对枝下高进行预测。     

生物基高吸水性树脂及其在农林生产中的应用

为提高高吸水树脂在农林方面的应用水平,通过查阅大量的文献资料,总结概括了生物基高吸水树脂按原料来源的分类(如淀粉类、纤维素类、海藻酸类、甲壳素&壳聚糖类、其他类等),以及国内外生物基高吸水树脂在农业园林等领域的应用研究进展,并结合当前高吸水树脂相关研究与应用中存在的问题,提出了今后的研究方向。     

异源表达菊芋HtHCT基因对受体植物木质素相关生理生化指标的影响

羟基肉桂酰辅酶A:莽草酸/奎宁酸羟基肉桂酰转移酶（HCT）是木质素合成过程中的关键酶之一。本研究构建了菊芋HtHCT基因的植物表达载体pCAMBIA1390-HtHCT,分别对拟南芥和本氏烟进行遗传转化,并对转基因植株进行生理生化指标测定。PCR和RT-PCR结果表明,HtHCT基因已经插入到受体植物基因组中,并能进行转录;转基因植株生理生化指标检测表明,HtHCT基因能够调节拟南芥和本氏烟中木质素的含量及组成,并对受体材料的类黄酮合成亦有一定的影响。